A field guide to the ways reasoning breaks
Distraction and distortion
Also called Unprincipled exception
Claiming an exemption from a rule without giving a principled reason for the exemption.
The rule applies to everyone except my case.
Ask for the principle behind the exception and test it on someone else's case.
From legal 'pleading' — arguing one's case. Special pleading is pleading for your own case to be treated specially: accepting the rule in general while quietly exempting yourself, without a reason that would convince anyone else.
Everyone's internet use at work is monitored, says the director — but his own browsing must stay private for 'strategic reasons he can't disclose'.
A diet coach insists calories explain all weight gain, except her own plateau, which is caused by stress hormones.
A columnist demands every public official release their tax returns, but calls requests for his own returns 'harassment with a political agenda'.
Parents enforce a strict no-phone-at-dinner rule, except for dad's phone, because his calls are important.